Solar panel wata na'ura ce da ke juyar da makamashin hasken rana kai tsaye ko a kaikaice zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar tasirin photoelectric ko photochemical ta hanyar daukar hasken rana. Babban abu na mafi yawan Solar panels shine "silicon", amma saboda yawan farashin samarwa, amfani da shi har yanzu yana da wasu iyakoki.

Idan aka kwatanta da batura na yau da kullun da batura masu caji, ƙwayoyin hasken rana suna cikin ƙarin ceton makamashi da kare muhalli na samfuran kore.

A halin yanzu, kayan siliki na crystalline (ciki har da silicon polycrystalline da silicon monocrystalline) sune mafi mahimmancin kayan aikin hoto, tare da kasuwar kasuwa fiye da 90%, kuma za su kasance kayan yau da kullun na ƙwayoyin hasken rana na dogon lokaci a nan gaba. Na dogon lokaci, fasahar samar da kayan aikin polysilicon ta kasance a hannun masana'antu 10 na kamfanoni 7 a cikin kasashe 3, irin su Amurka, Japan da Jamus, suna haifar da yanayin toshewar fasaha da keɓaɓɓiyar kasuwa.Buƙatar polysilicon ya zo. yafi daga semiconductors da sel na hasken rana.Bisa ga buƙatun tsabta daban-daban, zuwa kashi na lantarki da matakan makamashi na hasken rana. Tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar photovoltaic, buƙatar polysilicon na hasken rana don ƙwayoyin hasken rana yana girma da sauri fiye da na semiconductor polysilicon, kuma ana sa ran. cewa bukatar polysilicon mai amfani da hasken rana zai zarce na na'urar polysilicon na lantarki nan da shekara ta 2008. Jimillar adadin kuzarin da ake samu a duniya ya tashi daga 69MW a shekarar 1994 zuwa kusan 1200MW a shekarar 2004, wanda ya ninka sau 17 a cikin shekaru 10 kacal.

Crystal silicon panels: polycrystalline silicon solar cells, monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

Amorphous silicon panels: bakin ciki fim solar Kwayoyin, Organic hasken rana Kwayoyin.

Dabarun rini na sinadari: Kwayoyin hasken rana da ke da rini.

Kwayoyin hasken rana mai sassauƙa

Monocrystalline silicon

Kwayoyin hasken rana na monocrystalline silicon suna da ingantaccen juzu'i na kusan 18%, har zuwa 24%, wanda shine mafi girman kowane nau'in tantanin halitta, amma yana da tsada sosai don yin amfani da tartsatsi. Guduro mai hana ruwa, yana da karko kuma mai dorewa, tare da rayuwar sabis har zuwa shekaru 25.

polysilicon

Tsarin masana'anta na sel na hasken rana na polycrystalline silicon yana kama da na monocrystalline silicon hasken rana sel, amma ingantaccen canjin photoelectric na polycrystalline silicon hasken rana sel yana da ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ingantaccen canjin hoto yana kusan 16% dangane da farashin samarwa, shine. mai rahusa fiye da ƙwayoyin hasken rana na silicon monocrystalline, kuma kayan suna da sauƙi don ƙera, adana amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma jimlar farashin samarwa ya ragu, don haka an haɓaka shi da yawa. Kwayoyin hasken rana na silicon. Monocrystalline silicon hasken rana Kwayoyin sun dan fi kyau a farashi da aiki.

Amorphous silicon

Amorphous silicon solar cell wani sabon nau'in sirin-fim na hasken rana wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1976. Ya bambanta da tsarin samar da siliki monocrystalline da polycrystalline silicon solar cell. An sauƙaƙa tsari sosai, amfani da kayan siliki ya ragu, kuma amfani da wutar lantarki ya ragu.Duk da haka, babban matsalar amorphous silicon hasken rana sel shi ne cewa photoelectric canji yadda ya dace yana da ƙasa. Matsayin ci-gaba na ƙasa da ƙasa kusan kashi 10% ne, kuma ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. Tare da tsawaita lokaci, ingantaccen juzu'i yana raguwa.